Explain your rationale for any changes you made to the budgeted amounts.

Amended Budget Paper

Resource: Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization

Amend the Riordan IT budget, according to the following requirements:

  • An increase in spending on items related to hardware, software, and outside IT support services by 4 percent
  • A decrease the overall budget by 2 percent

Write a 4- to 6-page paper that presents your revised budget. Explain your rationale for any changes you made to the budgeted amounts.

How could I use this information in my paper?

Unit IV Annotated Bibliography

Unit IV Annotated Bibliography

For your second submission towards your research paper, you will expand upon the Unit I Research Paper Topic by

creating an annotated bibliography.

Your annotated bibliography will include five outside sources from the CSU Online Library that you can use for the

research paper due in Unit VII. In the Unit I Research Paper Topic, you located two scholarly sources. You may continue

to use these sources for this assignment or choose all new articles.

Within your annotations, you will include a brief summary of the source. The summary should include answers to the

following questions:

What are the author’s main points?

How does this source fit into my research?

Is this source objective, or does it have a bias?

How could I use this information in my paper?

Also, be sure to avoid including your own opinion on the contingency theory of leadership you selected and any

information not related to your theory.

Each of your five sources should include a 100-150 word annotation.

 

 

Attachments:

What are 2–3 relationships between the economic concern you selected and that specific country’s economy?

3 paper

As an employee of the World Bank, you have been asked to research 1 economic concern in a South American country and write a report on your findings.

  • Select a South American country to research.
  • Select 1 of the following economic concerns to research:
    • Quantities of specific goods and services
    • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
    • Unemployment
    • Inflation
  • Research data sets for the one economic concern within the South American country that you have chosen.
  • In a 3–4-page report, answer the following questions:
    • What are 2–3 relationships between the economic concern you selected and that specific country’s economy?
    • What trends do you see in the data sets?
    • Support your assertions of the trends with statistical evidence.
    • Cite all of your sources correctly and include a reference list, both in APA style.

 

 

Does the brand have any attributes or benefits that dominate competitors?

Positioning Statement and Motto

 

 

Positioning Statement and Motto

Due Week 4 and worth 175 points

 

In this assignment, you will create a Positioning Statement and Motto for one (1) of the following brands: Alfa Romeo, Google, or Amazon.com.

 

Select only one (1) brand. Use the information listed, as well as your own research, to assess the brand by completing the provided template. At the end of the template, be sure to develop what you believe would be a new or better positioning statement and motto for the brand.

 

ALFA ROMEO is the subjevct for this assignment.

 

 

 

  1. Target Customers/Users

 

Who are the target customers for the company/brand?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

How could/does the company reach its customers/users? What methods and media might and/or does the company use to reach the customers/users?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What would grab the customers/users’ attention? Define the customers/users according to their demographics and psychographic information (e.g., age, gender, income, education, lifestyle, values, etc). How do they want to be perceived?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What do these target customers’ value?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

  1. Competitors

 

Who are the brand’s competitors?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What product category does the brand fit into?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What frame of reference will customers use in making a choice to use/purchase this brand/service? What other brands/companies might customers compare this brand to?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

  1. USP (Unique Selling Proposition)

 

How is this brand/company better than its competitors? What is the brand’s USP (Unique Selling Proposition?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What is the brand’s uniqueness?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

What is the competitive advantage of the brand? How is it different from other competing brands?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

Does the brand have any attributes or benefits that dominate competitors?

 

[Insert response]

 

 

 

  1. Positioning Statement & Motto

 

Develop a new positioning statement and motto for the brand you selected. Below is an example of BMW’s positioning statement and motto.

 

  • BMW Positioning statement: The brand for discerning customers of sports cars (target customers) who want an exhilarating experience (USP).

 

Should leadership be the manager’s job, or should leadership be a shared process?

Answer Leadership Questions

  1. Should leadership be the manager’s job, or should leadership be a shared process? Explain your answer.
  2. Are you interested in sharing leadership, or do you prefer to be a follower. Explain your answer.
  3. Can college students really develop their leadership skills through a college course or courses? Why or why not?
  4. Is leadership ability universal, or is a good leader in one environment also effective in another? For example, can a leader in one industry (e.g., a hospital) be successful in another industry (e.g., a bank)? Or can an effective leader in one country also be an effective leader in another country? Explain your answer.
  5. Your answer should be a minimum of two full pages of analysis.
Answer

Explain possible penalties, sentences, and alternative programs available to the defendant.

jA 4.2

Assignment 2: Weekly Assignment—The Trial Process

Activity Details

As you learned in your reading, there are several stages to a trial process. Once a crime is reported, the police begin to investigate, collect evidence, and report evidence to the prosecutor. The involvement of the police continues from the beginning of a case to its end.

Tasks:

In this assignment, imagine you are an officer at your local police station. Your supervising officer assigns you to a prestigious unit that receives special projects, including education development. As your first project, you are assigned the task of creating and presenting a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation concerning the trial process to new recruits at the police academy.

Perform the following tasks:

Step 1: Research and develop a plan for the trial process. Use information from both the textbook and the Argosy University online library resources. Refer to the attached terms as a road map and make sure that the terms pertaining to your state criminal court system are present in your Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. Clickhere to download the road map.

Step 2: Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation describing the local criminal trial process from the beginning to the end. Give thought to the difference between the misdemeanor and the felony processes. In addition, differentiate between the defendant’s choice of taking a case to a trial or as a plea. Discuss why a defendant may want to consider a plea instead of continuing with the trial. Explain possible penalties, sentences, and alternative programs available to the defendant.

Step 3: Include speaker notes to explain the contents of each slide including more research and information. Direct your speaker notes to your audience (for example, you may tell recruits that they may have to testify at the preliminary hearing and inform them what the judge would consider).

Step 4: After completing the assignment, save the presentation.

Submission Details:

  1. Save the presentation as M4_A2_Lastname_Firstname.ppt.
  2. By Week 4, Day 7, submit your presentation to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Made a presentation, including important terms and describing the local criminal trial process from beginning to end.
20
Discussed the difference between the misdemeanor and felony processes.
16
Differentiated between the defendant’s choice of taking a case to a trial or as a plea.
20
Explained the possible penalties, sentences, and alternative programs available to the defendant.
16
Conformed to the size and delivery requirements, including speaker notes.
8
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
1

Identify the basic elements of the technology infrastructure used to conduct electronic business.

Help

magine that you own a small, local clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk and decide that you want to engage in e-Commerce.

Write a 4-5 page paper on the following:

  1. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of taking your small business online by performing a SWOT analysis. Include 2-4 items in each category.
  2. Because the Internet connects computers all over the world, any business that engages in e-Commerce instantly becomes an international business. The key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce include trust, culture, language, government, and infrastructure. Explain how you would address each of these issues.
  3. Businesses that operate on the Web must comply with the same laws and regulations that govern the operations of all businesses, but they face 2 additional complicating factors as they try to comply with the law. First, the Web extends a company’s reach beyond traditional boundaries. Second, the Web increases the speed and efficiency of business communications. Explain how you would overcome these complicating factors that come with e-Commerce in order to comply with the law.
  4. Law enforcement agencies have difficulty combating many types of online crime. Describe 2 online crimes prevalent in e-Commerce and what you would do to prevent these crimes.

Your assignment must:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Identify the basic elements of the technology infrastructure used to conduct electronic business.
  • Explain the basic communications and network concepts used in electronic commerce and the basic functioning of the Internet and the World Wide Web.
  • Describe the critical legal and ethical issues related to electronic commerce.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in fundamentals of e-business.
  • Write clearly and concisely about fundamentals of e-business using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and

Differentiate between high- and low-performance organizations and identify contributing factors.

Help with paper

ssignment 1: Employee Turnover

Due Week 4 and worth 150 points

Employee turnover in the hospitality industry averages 400% annually. This means that, on average, 100% of the staff of a restaurant, hotel, airline, cruise ship, etc. is replaced four (4) times per year. There has been extensive research on employee turnover and employee job satisfaction. Using the Internet or the Strayer Library, select one (1) hospitality industry type such as fast-food restaurants, luxury hotels, specialty hotels, or any other type of hospitality interest and identify the main problems associated with that industry and employee turnover. Suggest ways and methods to address the high turnover rate.

Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:

  1. Describe the type of hospitality industry and its main categories of employees.
  2. Summarize three (3) primary reasons that turnover is so high in this industry.
  3. Recommend one (1) method to address each of the three (3) primary reasons that turnover is so high in this industry.
  4. Recommend one (1) method to improve job satisfaction in general for this industry.
  5. Use at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Develop a plan for managing and improving quality in a hospitality operation.
  • Describe the management attributes contributing to providing service quality.
  • List and describe basic service paradigms.
  • Differentiate between high- and low-performance organizations and identify contributing factors.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in quality service assurance.
  • Write clearly and concisely about quality service assurance using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organiza

Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.

For madam-professor only Conflicting views

Assignment 1.2: Conflicting Viewpoints Essay – Part II

Synthesizing and Writing

Due Week 4 and worth 100 points

 

When looking for information about a particular issue, how often do you try to resist biases toward your own point of view? This assignment asks you to engage in this aspect of critical thinking.

 

The assignment is divided into two (2) parts.

For Part I of the assignment (due Week 2), you read a book excerpt about critical thinking processes, reviewed the Procon.org Website in order to gather information, and engaged in prewriting to examine your thoughts.

* Remember that in the Week 2 Discussion, you examined the biases discussed in Chapter 2 of the webtext.

 

In Part II of the assignment (due Week 4), you will write a paper to synthesize your ideas.

Part II – Writing

Write at three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

1. State your position on the topic you selected for Assignment 1.1.

2. Identify (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position    and explain why you selected these specific reasons.

3. Explain your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website.

4. Examine at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position.

5. Discuss the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases.

6. Discuss whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue has stayed the same.

 

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

 

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

 

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

 

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

 

You must follow these submission guidelines:

 

  • Submit the essay to Turnitin.com and then submit the originality report and final essay with any needed revisions to Blackboard.

 

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

 

  • Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.

 

 

 

 

Grading for this assignment will be based on quality, logic / organization, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

 

 

 

 

 

Points: 100

Assignment 1.2: Conflicting Viewpoints Essay – Part II

Criteria

Unacceptable

Below 60% F

Meets Minimum Expectations

60-69% D

Fair

70-79% C

Proficient

80-89% B

Exemplary

90-100% A

1.State your position on the topic.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely stated your position on the topic. Insufficiently stated your position on the topic. Partially stated your position on the topic. Satisfactorily stated your position on the topic. Thoroughly stated your position on the topic.
2. Identify (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explain why you selected these specific reasons.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely identified (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explained why you selected these specific reasons. Insufficiently identified (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explained why you selected these specific reasons. . Partially identified (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explained why you selected these specific reasons. Satisfactorily identified (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explained why you selected these specific reasons. Thoroughly identified (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explained why you selected these specific reasons.
3. Explain your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely explained your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website. Insufficiently explained your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website. Partially explained your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website. Satisfactorily explained your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website. Thoroughly explained your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website.
4. Examine at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position.

Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely examined at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position. Insufficiently examined at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position. Partially examined at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position. Satisfactorily examined at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position. Thoroughly examined at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position.
5. Discuss the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely discussed the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases. Insufficiently discussed the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases. Partially discussed the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases. Satisfactorily discussed the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases. Thoroughly discussed the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases.
6. Discuss whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue has stayed the same.

Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely discussed whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue stayed the same. Insufficiently discussed whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue stayed the same. Partially discussed whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue stayed the same. Satisfactorily discussed whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue stayed the same. Thoroughly discussed whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue stayed the same.
7. Follow APA Style requirements for format, in-text citation of quotes and paraphrases, and references page.

Weight: 10%

Did not complete the assignment or had more than 9 errors in following APA Style requirements. Had 8-9 errors in following APA Style requirements. Had 6-7 different errors in following APA Style requirements. Had 4-5 different errors in following APA Style requirements. Had 0-3 different errors in following APA Style requirements.
8. Follow guidelines for clear and organized writing: include an introductory and concluding paragraph; address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely followed guidelines for clear and organized writing. Insufficiently followed guidelines for clear and organized writing: did not include an introductory and / or concluding paragraph; did not address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences. Partially followed guidelines for clear and organized writing: included a partially developed introductory and / or concluding paragraph; partially addressed main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences. Sufficiently followed guidelines for clear and organized writing: included an introductory and concluding paragraph; sufficiently addressed main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences. Thoroughly   followed guidelines for clear and organized writing: included an engaging introductory and thoughtful concluding paragraph; thoroughly addressed main

 

Believing Game

 

Reasons to Allow Death Penalty

 

Introduction

 

In any discussion that happens in any environment, we are plunged into a situation where we might be forced to believe a thing. The cause for this is that most people are put into a situation of doubts. Doubting is but of belief as it is out of it that we have to introduce believing as a game. It is true that any idea can be considered depending on how much has been done by the parties to inculcate the belief as (Tannen, 1998) explains.

 

When a person does a crime, the magnitude of the punishment must match the extent of the penalty. For instance, when one kills, death penalty becomes enough as a punishment meted on that person. However, capital punishment has both negative and positive explanations. When we then focus on the pros and cons of the death penalty, the cons take a larger extent of the discussion. For that matter, we need to make people believe in capital punishment as a way to correct the ills that are a cruel to the growth of society (Maimonides, 1993). The death penalty is voted for its reasons on morality, constitutionality and deterrence (Maimonides, 1993). Following this discussion, it is important to have a death penalty as a way to prevent more ills in the society.

 

But before believing on the essence of the death penalty, there are cons that exist on it. Thus opposes the pros brought up by the death penalty. As (Schabas, 2002) explains, the moral reason that exists for the need to apply the death penalty. Is on the fact, those who perform immoral acts do not respect their human dignity. Therefore, are ready for death. It is true that death penalty gives honor to human dignity by treating the defendant as a free moral actor for being able to control his destiny for good or for ill. But in the same case, the opposing facts on it is that, as much as it has been perceived to act on the moral ground, it is not better off as it allows the criminal justice system to treat one better if he or she is rich and guilty than if one is weak and innocent.

 

The other opposition on constitutionality according to William J. Brennan is that death penalty will always treat human beings as the vilest beings or else non-humans (Schabas, 2002). It is opposed to the defense that death would always subject human beings to be fate forbidden by the principle of humane treatment. In that case, the assumption has been made that, death is cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Clause on both Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.

 

Lastly, the opposition on the need to have capital punishment as a way to prevent crime is that there is no actual proof of the fact that death penalty would help reduce crime. Many states that have the death penalty have no indicated cases that when the death penalty was introduced crime rates reduced in any way. It is therefore believed that death penalty has no deterrent effect. Further proofs have been made by the social science research to discredit the beliefs on the death penalty (Schabas, 2002).

 

It is interesting to believe in this view because not all the states can buy into the ideas but then can be bought. Imagine a situation where people are involved in cases of crime, but the only means of punishment is death. Of course, no one would wish to die. In that case, the death penalty can way help to reduce the number of crimes and murder.

 

It is interesting to have put across this believe in that (French, 1995), if the state had no laws and that can help in the deterrence of crime, it could not be comfortable to live. It is helpful to accept this belief because, constitutionally, it is the mandate of the justice system to prevent murder and crime in the society. Further, Common sense, bolstered by statistics and analyzes, tells us that the death penalty will deter crime since people fear nothing more than death.

 

It is helpful to put the focus on this belief in that; it is also a source of retribution. It is expected that the society is exposed to get what it exactly deserves. It is true that crime disturbs and reduces order but then again if we don’t have enough policies such as a death penalty, it cannot be any easy to put all in order. While we show our belief in this fact, in a deserved punishment, it protects society morally by restoring this just order, where the wrongdoer is made to pay a price that is equivalent to the harm he has done to the people. Focusing keenly, it is important to have this rule passed across in the society (French, 1995).

 

In conclusion, if we have the death penalty, it is easy to correct and reduce the number of crime that happens in the society. The weaknesses in the decisions made by the states will encourage an increased cases of murder. The death penalty, therefore, provides a finality of the issues of crimes as people fear death.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

 

French, H. (1995, June 6). Constitutional Court. The New York Times.

 

Maimonides, M. (1993). Capital Punishment. Pp. Pp 1–68.

 

Schabas, W. (2002). The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law. Cambridge

 

University Press.

 

Tannin, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Moving From Debate to

 

Dialogue. Random House, 1998

 

 

 

 

Explain the concepts of information systems security as applied to an IT infrastructure.

Assignment 1: Identifying Potential Malicious Attacks, Threats and Vulnerabilities

Assignment 1: Identifying Potential Malicious Attacks, Threats and Vulnerabilities

Due Week 4 and worth 75 points

You have just been hired as an Information Security Engineer for a videogame development company. The organization network structure is identified in the below network diagram and specifically contains:

1) 2 – Firewalls 5) 2 – Windows Server 2012 Active Directory Domain Controllers (DC)
2) 1 – Web / FTP server 6) 3 – File servers
3) 1 – Microsoft Exchange Email server 7) 1 – Wireless access point (WAP)
4) 1 – Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) 8) 100 – Desktop / Laptop computers
  9) VoIP telephone system

The CIO has seen reports of malicious activity being on the rise and has become extremely concerned with the protection of the intellectual property and highly sensitive data maintained by your organization. As one of your first tasks with the organization, the CIO requested you identify and draft a report identifying potential malicious attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities specific to your organization. Further, the CIO would like you to briefly explain each item and the potential impact it could have on the organization.

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:

  1. Analyze three (3) specific potential malicious attacks and / or threats that could be carried out against the network and organization.
  2. Explain in detail the potential impact of the three (3) selected malicious attacks.
  3. Propose the security controls that you would consider implementing in order to protect against the selected potential malicious attacks.
  4. Analyze three (3) potential concerns for data loss and data theft that may exist in the documented network.
  5. Explicate the potential impact of the three (3) selected concerns for data loss and data theft.
  6. Propose the security controls that you would consider implementing in order to protect against the selected concerns for data loss and data theft.
  7. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment (no more than 2-3 years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Explain the concepts of information systems security as applied to an IT infrastructure.
  • Describe the principles of risk management, common response techniques, and issues related to recovery of IT systems.
  • Describe how malicious attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities impact an IT infrastructure.
  • Explain the means attackers use to compromise systems and networks, and defenses used by organizations.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems security.
  • Write clearly and concisely about network security topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.