Is the physician ethical in reducing her anxiety about her apparent refusal of treatment when the physician believes treatment is medically indicated?

National Laws and Regulations Protecting Providers

In each case, answer the questions at the end of the case and give researched references to support your assertions; also, explain what would be the ethical course of action and the legal requirements for action in the case.

Case One

Mrs. G. has an aneurysm in her brain that, if untreated by surgery, will lead to blindness and probably death. The surgery recommended leads to death in 75% of all cases. Of those who survive the operation, nearly 75% are crippled. Mrs. G has three small children. Her husband has a modest job, and his health insurance will cover the operation, but not the expenses that will result if she is crippled.

When informed of this, Mrs. G. is in great emotional turmoil for a week or so until she makes her decision. She refuses treatment, because she does not like the odds. There was, after all, only a one chance out of sixteen for a real recovery. In addition, she could not come to grips with exposing her family to the risk of having a mother who would be a burden and not a help.

Can a patient with serious obligations, such as a family, refuse treatment? What odds of recovery would be good odds?

Case Two

Mrs. S., an 85-year-old housewife, becomes aware of breathlessness and is easily fatigued. She is known to have had a heart murmur for 2 years. She consents to come to a research hospital for cardiac catheterization, which confirms the presence of severe, calcific aortic stenosis with secondary congestive heart failure.

Because of the unfavorable prospect for survival without surgical intervention, the recommendation at the combined cardiac medical-surgical conference is for an operation. The physician explains the situation to Mr. and Mrs. S. and recommends aortic valve replacement. It is noted that the risk of surgery is not well known for Mrs. S,’s age group, and that early mortality is usually around 10 percent, with 80 percent achieving good functional results after 3 years. Her lack of an obvious disease makes her a relatively good candidate for a successful surgical outcome, despite her age.

Mrs. S. appears to understand the discussion and recommendation, but requests deferral of the decision and shows signs of denial of the problem. She has no other medical problems, her husband is in good health, and their marriage appears to be happy. They are financially secure and enjoy a full set of social and recreational activities. She returns on three subsequent occasions for simple, supportive attention. The physician decides not to employ psychiatric assistance or other measures to reduce her denial and begins to use conversation to reduce her anxiety associated with her decision.

Does Mrs. S.’s apparent denial of her condition make informed consent impossible? Is the physician ethical in reducing her anxiety about her apparent refusal of treatment when the physician believes treatment is medically indicated?

Answer

What type of structure will be best suited to a multinational Internet retailer?

Performance Culture

When building a new organization or when an organization experiences dramatic growth, leaders must determine the structure and culture of the organization. Although the culture will evolve over time and each individual that joins the new organization will leave some imprint on the culture, it is the leaders’ responsibility to define how the organization will look and how individuals will behave.

Individual Portion (800 words)

Prepare a draft document that defines the new organization and addresses the following considerations:

What type of structure will be best suited to a multinational Internet retailer? Why?
How would you recommend building a culture that was inclusive of diverse cultures and accommodates highly creative technical staff?

APA format with intext citation. All original work

Describe one research question you would like to explore related to learning and memory.

Memory and learning can be complex. Have you ever been surprised by the fact that you can remember a song…

Memory and learning can be complex. Have you ever been surprised by the fact that you can remember a song you learned years ago? Or have you struggled to remember a name you learned minutes ago? Consider the different challenges or successes you have experienced remembering information you need—for example, trying to recall names and faces, dates, computer passwords, or math equations.

There are many different ways that psychologists can understand how people learn and remember. Three conceptual approaches are the focus of this assessment: neurological, behavioral, and cognitive. The neurological approach focuses on the relationship between changes in neural function and brain structures and their interaction with the experience of memory. The behavioral approach focuses on the relationship between patterns of stimuli and how they are associated with observable behavior (for example, the names we speak when interacting with individuals, the passwords we type, et cetera). The cognitive approach focuses on the relationship between the content of our thinking and our ability to recall information.

In preparation for this assessment, research the relationship between learning, cognition, and memory, as well as the three conceptual approaches (neurological, behavioral, and cognitive).

Directions

For this assessment, complete the following:

Describe one research question you would like to explore related to learning and memory.
Choose two of the three conceptual approaches listed above. Compare and contrast how these approaches address your research question.
Find three or four scholarly sources, such as peer-reviewed research articles or textbooks, that are related to this research question. Describe what you learned from these sources regarding your research question, and explain how this knowledge contributes to your understanding.
Identify which conceptual approach best fits the approach of each of the authors of the scholarly sources.
Describe the methods and measures used in each of the three conceptual approaches. Different approaches will measure memory or learning in different ways based on the conceptual approach. For example, the neurological approach would focus on physical changes in the brain, while the behavioral approach would focus on observable changes in behavior.
Describe the practical impact reading these articles might have on your personal or professional life.

Strive to be as concise as possible and limit the length of your completed assessment to no more than 5–6 pages, excluding the title page and reference page. Support your statements and analyses with references and citations from at least three resources.

Additional Requirements

Include a title page and a reference page.
Use at least three resources.
Follow APA format.
- Note: You may use the APA Paper Template linked in the Resources. This resource is not required.
Use 12-point, Times New Roman font.
Double-space your paper.

What have you learned about yourself as a result of your behaviors and your interaction with the disciplinary process at WFU?

8 Page Double Spaced Paper

Substance Abuse Assessment Reflection Paper:

– Integrate at least 2 facts related to alcohol use and college students. Fact must be from a credible source and must be from a time frame of 2013-2015. Facts must be properly cited.

– Describe in detail what happened that resulted in you being charged with a violation of the Code and how the University’s policies about alcohol apply to your situation.

– Describe your level of responsibility for the situation that resulted in you being charged with a violation of the Code.

– Describe the risks associated with being under the influence of alcohol, including the impact of alcohol on your behavior throughout this situation.

– Describe how your alcohol use put your experiences at WFU at risk, whether academically, socially, financially, or otherwise.

– Describe the impact, if any, of your actions on each of the following: you, your friends, your family, police, staff, others present or not present, and the community as a whole.

– Will what you have learned from this experience impact how you approach situations involving alcohol in the future? Why or why not?

– Describe how your ability to succeed will be impacted if you choose to continue violating the University’s policies on alcohol. Be sure to include the potential consequences for your personal safety, academic goals, career goals, and social relationships.

– If you were in this situation again, what would you do? What would you consider in making your decisions?

– Discuss your decisions in relation to your personal values.

– Discuss your decisions in relations to your organization’s values (Sigma Nu).

– Discuss how you will avoid future violations of the Code.

– What did you learn about yourself from the Substance Abuse Assessment?

– Were you surprised about any of the information you learned from the assessment and/or interacting with Mr. Abernathy?

– What are suggestions from the assessment will be begin to incorporate into your alcohol use routine?

– What specifics about your drinking habits do you feel need to change?

– What have you learned about yourself as a result of your behaviors and your interaction with the disciplinary process at WFU?

Will what you have learned from this experience impact how you approach situations involving alcohol in the future?